Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation (ص 252)
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- عنوان
- Colonial Capitalism and Rural Class Formation (ص 252)
- المحتوى
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However, historically, the presence of a co~operative or a
collective society in the midst of a capitalist system is not unique
to the European Jewish settler's experience. Historical parallels to
the Kibbutz were krown in mid 19th century Britain when Owen's
"communistic societies" were formed.
Commenting on this phenomenon, Engeis highlighted two functions he
believed were crucial in the establishment of these communal
societies. On the one hand, he pointed out that this arrangement was
ecnomicaily rewarding for both the members and the owner himself.
"Owen's communism", Engels states:
(Wlas based upon this purely business
foundation, the outcome, so to say, of commercial
calcuiations. Thus, in 1873, Owen proposed the
relief of the distress in Ireland by ccmmunist
colonies, and drew up complete estimates of costs
of founding them, yearly expenditure, and probable
revenues.. (Engels, 1977:123)
While for the workers this arrangement secures employment and
living conditions, for the owner it can also be rewarding. In light of
the fact that all decisions cencerning production,the realization of
surplus value, supervision, management..etc., are left to the members,
this organization can serve as a means for the conservation of human
and capital resources. It saves the owner the costs of managing,
supervising and controlling production and reproduction in his
enterprise.
Described by Engels as utoptan socialism, Cwen's enterprises had
another dimension. These societies functioned as a response to the
“crying social abuses..and the loosening of ail traditional morai
bonds..." created by capitalism. "Owen", Engels writes, "wanted to
piace the people in conditions worthy of human beings, and especially
238
Reproduced with permission of the copyright owner. Further reproduction prohibited without permission. - تاريخ
- ١٩٨٩
- المنشئ
- Nahla Abdo-Zubi
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