The Dispossession of the Peasantry (ص 270)

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The Dispossession of the Peasantry (ص 270)

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254
about 15 percent of Arab wage labor and about 8.5 percent of the total labor force
in the Jewish European concerns.’ Of the 12,000, 60 percent, or 7,000, were in
Jewish European agriculture and a majority of those were in the citrus plantations.
In 1930, about 53 percent of all wage labor in five major Jewish European
settlements, specializing in citrus cultivation and which constituted more than half
the total area of Jewish European owned citrus, were Arab. By the end of 1935,
the percentage of Arab wage labor in the five settlements was about 67 percent.*
However, these estimates do not distinguish between seasonal and permanent labor.
It was the case that most of it was only for a few months a year divided into a
winter season of February-March during harvest time and a summer season of
August-September. In the latter, total labor was reduced to about half of the winter
season.” This variation in labor use between the winter and summer seasons in
citrus cultivation would reduce the percentages estimated for Arab wage labor in
the Jewish European owned agricultural establishments. With the onset of Arab
Revolt of 1936-1939, the number of Arab wage labor in Jewish European citrus
declined, and by early 1939, there was none.® However, during WWII, the
employment of Arab labor resumed but was to a much lesser extent than the pre-
>Zvi Sussman, “The Determination of Wages for Unskilled Labor in the
Advanced Sector of the Dual Economy of Mandatory Palestine,” Economic
Development and Cultural Change 22, no. 1 (1973): 95-113, 102; Metzer, Divided
Economy, 131.
‘Sussman, 103; Gurevich, Handbook, 185.
>See Gurevich, Handbook, 185.
SSussman, 101.
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The Dispossession of the Peasantry

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Riyad Mousa

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