Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 148)

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 148)

المحتوى

that juridical ownership of land is in the possession of the
landlord and not in the hands of the direct producers. The
sharecropper has no legal right to the possession of the land
upon which s/he and her/his family work other than that
established by contract. Furthermore, it is the juridical
ownership of land which is the pillar upon which the economic
power of the landlord over her/his tenants is established.
Juridical ownership is the foundation for the appropriation
of the economic surplus of the direct producers. This power
is legitimated on the basis of social interaction where
property-contract laws obtain. Very generally these laws
apply in all market societies whether it be Imperial Rome or
modern capitalist societies. (15)
While sharecroppers constitute the dominant production
relations in the valley, their land tenure situation is
potentially, if not already, unstable since sharecroppers
have not managed to establish long-term legal rights to the
land upon which they work. They can be expelled from this
land at any time their landlords wish to get rid of them,
either to institute changes in the farm system or to
introduce new sharecroppers onto the same plot of land. The
tenuousness of the sharecroppers, legal access to the land
s/he and her/his family work is brought out in Table 6, where
we find that only two sharecroppers (0.5%) have a written
contract with their landlord, 16% have no contract and the
majority, slightly more than three-quarters, have only a
verbal contract with their landlord, i.e. one based on a
"handshake". This quite clearly puts the sharecropper in a
/
134 J

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production

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المنشئ

Alex Pollock

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