Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 153)

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 153)

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water, 77% provide the water pump facility, 77% provide the
fuel for the pump and 73% provide other services to their
sharecroppers, including, for example, the provision of
housing (see Table 9). These are the main inputs the landlord
provides. Other costs will normally be equally shared between
the landlord and tenant but this depends on the nature of the
contract.
Before the onset of tractorisation (which is now almost
universal and all land is now ploughed if not harvested by
tractor) when farmers utilised the furrow irrigation system,
farmers owned almost all of their means of production
although they may have hired a plough and team to till the
land at the beginning and end of the agricultural season.
With the introduction of the drip-irrigation system tractors
have replaced draft power, although this process was well
under way before this technology was widespread, particularly
in the production of field crops where drip irrigation is not
utilised. Agricultural machinery, such as tractors, ploughs
and other accessories, are almost never privately owned by
sharecroppers or their landlords (unless the landlord is
her/himself a farmer). In fact almost three-quarters of
sharecroppers owned no mechanical equipment. All
sharecroppers utilise tractors and assessories, but they
generally hire this equipment with four-fifths of
sharecroppers renting the mechanical equipment they utilise.
Approximately a quarter rent this equipment from their
landlords and 3% from other farmers, but mechanical equipment
is most commonly rented from commercial dealers and a third
UA, 139

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production

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Alex Pollock

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