Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 463)

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production (ص 463)

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However, it seems to me that if one seriously accepts’ the
basic principles entailed in the basic needs strategy — i.e.
universal literacy, education as a human right, health
services for all, the right to adequate shelter, the right to
meaningful employment, redistribution of income, civil
liberty, freedom of speech and association, etc. — then one
is essentially espousing some, if not all, of the basic
Principles on which the European socialist movements were
established during the late nineteenth and early twentieth
centuries. In fact, it is the Third World socialist countries
of Tanzania, Vietnam, China, Mozambique, Algeria and Cuba
whose development strategies and programmes most approximate
to the basic needs ideal.
What the basic needs strategy generally fails to address is
the issue of power. Poor people are not poor because of some
natural or geographical accident. Poor people live in
conditions of poverty and destitution because they lack
access to power. They do not have the institutions,
organisations and government support to challenge the people
who exploit them. Until the basic needs philosophy addresses
this question it can hardly fail to advance beyond a moral
critique of the condition of the Third World poor. However,
it would be wilful to dismiss moral critiques in general
since moral visions are not in themselves inappropriate in
bringing about changes in inquitious social structures. (34)
All of the strategies which we mentioned have what we might
term a "hard side" and a “soft side". On the hard side, these
454 /,

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Realist Methodology and the Articulation of Modes of Production

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Alex Pollock

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