Agricultural Development in the West Bank (ص 28)

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عنوان

Agricultural Development in the West Bank (ص 28)

المحتوى

46
Khana‘ ibya or Egypt
The from a varonetric 10M over Liby:
t
sens resul oe ee
bya sudden empe)
racterized _
aan drop in relative humidity (below 20
shapr
start in April and recur
percent). Khamas'
.s through the sume
y considerably but they often last
without any fixed pattern. Their
several tines
intensity and duration may var!
for two to three days, and sometimes for mich longer. The Sharav
for two .
sir the other hand, are caused by a high pressure developing
Is, on
over the area itself where the subsided air is compressed and
heated. Their incidence is most comon in the beginning and at
the end of winter. Again, the Sharav winds may cause a sharp
rise in temperature (by 15°C or more) and a substantial drop in
relative humidity (by as much as 40 percent). Towards their peak,
Sharav conditions are accompanied by fine dust and hot dry winds.
The Khanaseen and Sharav winds constitute a major problem for
rainfed patterns of agriculture. Most dangerous in particular
are the hot spells which occasionally blow in April, coinciding
with the blossoning season of olives. Being small and very
Sensitive to weather abberations, a large proportion of olive
bl
‘ossoms and newly set fruits are vulnerable to desiccation under
high t c i
‘emperature andlow humidity, Ag the danger period is fairly
af
onde extending usually from April 10 to May 15,
the damage caused
*y hot spells is almost unavoidable
The question, i
one of severity, 1» however, is
ranging from a i
ax "9 fra a mild, and probably useful,
easonable proportion of o1j
47
Hail Storms
Hail falls on the West Bank for four to seven days during the latter
half of winter (February-March). Again the timing of hail fall
and its intensity are of tremendous consequences for several
types of fruit trees, notably almonds, apricots, and plums. As
these kinds of trees blossom and set their fruits in February, @
strong hail storm blowing at this time may inflict severe damage
on fruit trees in the area. The hazards posed by hail storms as
with most other phenomena discussed earlier, are particularly
damaging to dry farming patterns. Irrigated farming, in contrast,
is increasingly less vulnerable to weather problems in view of
the long strides achieved in protected farming.
Rainfall
Rain formation in the West Bank follows the sudden change from the
subtropical to the cyclone belt in autumn, and back again in spring
into the former zone. Rain distribution and intensity is subject
to a number of factors, such as proximity to the Mediterranean,
differences in altitude, exposure to sea winds, and the angle of
slope. All of these factors are reflected on the rainfall map
of the country (see Map No 4). The exposure effect is clear in
the Hebron plateau where rainfall increases from under 500 mm (20 in)
on the coast to over 700 mm (28 in) on the peak of the plateau.
Rainfall on the eastern slopes, on the other hand, decreases sharply
due to the rain shadow effect, until it reaches around 100 mm (4 in)
in the Jordan Valley near Jericho. The Nablus hills, though
lower in altitude, receive about the same rainfall due to the
"northern direction effect".
The rainy season is relatively short, with 70 percent of annual
Precipitation falling between November and February. London and

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Agricultural Development in the West Bank

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المنشئ

Hisham Masoud Awartani

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