Peasant Agriculture (ص 4)

غرض

عنوان

Peasant Agriculture (ص 4)

المحتوى

transition and the challenge facing global peasant movements confronting global capital
(Akram-Lodhi and Kay 2010b: 280).
Indeed, waves of de-peasantization during the 1980s have given rise to re-peasantization during the 1990s
and early 21* century. In this way, then, peasants peasants have not become an ‘historical anachronism,
unable to survive the dynamics of the capitalist development of agriculture’ (Veltmeyer 2006, 445). Rather,
contemporary peasants remain at the heart of conflicts over land and resources in Asia, Africa and Latin
America in the 21* century.
Central to these conflicts has been large-scale corporate farmland acquisition m Africa, Asia and Latin
America in the 21° century, popularly known as land grabbing (Akram-Lodhi 2012). Land acquisition for
farming, for resource extraction, or for the provision of environmental services has required the
exclusion of peasants from the land on which they had previously been working. This exclusion has
come about because, in the wake of global economic crisis of the early 21“ century, capital sought new
sources of accumulation. Exclusion has been a result of the forcible displacement of rural populations,
often by the state, or through the routine workings of highly unequal markets, where power
differentials can be used to shape transactions to consistently benefit capital at the expense of peasants.
These processes are most starkly witnessed when farming systems are reconfigured in order to increase
the production of farm surpluses for export. This reconfiguration simultaneously witnesses increases in
the share of land under capitalist farm production systems while at the same time seeing increases in
the intensity of farm production, both of which are deleterious to peasant farms and peasant farmers as
well as the biophysical foundations of farming. Contemporary conflicts over land and resources
represent a systemic threat to peasant livelihoods, and for this reason have engendered the emergence
of widespread peasant movements of resistance.
References
Akram-Lodhi, A.Haroon. 2012. Contextualizing land grabbing: contemporary land deals, the global
subsistence crisis and the world food system. Canadian Journal of Development Studies 33 (2): 119 — 142.
Akram-Lodhi, A.Haroon. 2018. The global food regime. In: H. Veltmeyer and P. Bowles, eds. The
Essential Guide to Critical Development Studies. London: Routledge, pp. 301 — 313.
Akram-Lodhi, A.Haroon. and Kay, Cristobal. 2010a. Surveying the agrarian question (part 1): unearthing
foundations, exploring diversity. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37 (1): 177 — 202.
Akram-Lodhi, A.Haroon. and Kay, Cristobal. 2010b. Surveying the agrarian question (part 2): current
debates and beyond. The Journal of Peasant Studies 37 (2): 255 — 284.
Bernstein, Henry. 1991. Petty commodity production. In: T. Bottomore, L. Harris, V.G. Kiernan and R.
Miliband, eds. 4 Dictionary of Marxist Thought (2™ edition). Oxford: Blackwell, pp. 417 — 419.
Bernstein, Henry. 2009. Agrarian questions from transition to globalization. In: A.H. Akram-Lodhi and C.
Kay, eds. Peasants and Globalization: Political Economy, Rural Transformation and the Agrarian
Question. London: Routledge, pp. 239 — 261.
Ellis, Frank. 1992. Peasant Economics (2™ edition). Cambridge: Cambridge University Press.
Gibbon, Peter. and Neocosmos, Michael. 1985. Some problems in the political economy of ‘African
socialism’. In: H. Bernstein and B. Campbell, eds. Contradictions of Accumulation in Africa: Studies in

تاريخ

2019-08-26

المنشئ

Haroon Akram-Lodhi

مجموعات العناصر

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