The Arab Nationalists Movement 1951-1971: From Pressure Group to Socialist Party (ص 9)

غرض

عنوان

The Arab Nationalists Movement 1951-1971: From Pressure Group to Socialist Party (ص 9)

المحتوى

provinces, particularly amongst Christians." . The setting
. of a separate administration under Mohammed Ali in Egypt
and the meddling of the European powers in the internal
affairs of the Empire were further signs that Ottoman rule,
after all, was not as impregnable and lasting as it was
once thought to be.
Second, the defensive modernizers such as
Selim III (1789-1807), Mahmud II (1808-1839) and Mohammed
Ali (1805-1849), in their effort to resist the threat of
modern powers, embarked on extensive programs of reform.
European military techniques were adopted, for Ottoman
rule had rested traditionally on military superiority.
A new life was also infused into the internal .organization
and administration of the Empire as from the first quarter
of the nineteenth century which rejuvenated old and out-
dated institutions. This was the period of the Tanzimat-i-
Khayriyah or beneficent reforms. It is noteworthy that the
a . a 2
basic reform measures were not carried out in full,” and
what was actually achieved left the central problem untouched,
namely the moral and legal foundations of the Empire. Once
these reforms were introduced a whole series of transformations
|oce Majid Khadduri, Political Trends in the Arab
World (Baltimore: The Johns Hopkins Press, 1970), p. 14;
and Albert Hourani, Arabic Thought ‘in the. Liberal Age
"1798-1939 (London: Oxford University Press, 1962), p. 262.
Knadduri,.loc.. cits; see also Zeine N. Zeine, The
' Emergence of Arab Nationalism (Beirut: Khayats, 1966), p. 35.
3
Hourani, op. cit., p. 45.

هو جزء من

The Arab Nationalists Movement 1951-1971: From Pressure Group to Socialist Party

تاريخ

1971-02-07

المنشئ

Basil R. Al-Kubaisi

مجموعات العناصر

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